Definition
Dysortography is a long-term learning disability characterized by a significant and prolonged lack of assimilation of spelling rules.
This is often associated with dyslexia, but it can also exist in isolation. Together, dyslexia and dysortography form a specific disorder in the mastery of written speech, which is called dyslexia-dysortography.
Reasons
Dysortography is most often the result of learning disabilities (for example, dyslexia). Like dyslexia, this disease has a neurological and hereditary origin. Children with dysortography have cognitive impairments. The first is phonological: children with dysortography have lower phonological and linguistic skills than other children. The second is visual-temporal dysfunction: children with dysortography have difficulty perceiving movements and rapid information, visual contrast disturbances, jerks and anarchic gaze fixation.
Diagnostic
Speech therapy assessment allows you to diagnose dysortography. This includes a phonological awareness test and a visual attention test. This assessment allows you to diagnose the disorder, as well as assess its severity. A neuropsychological examination can also be performed to better identify the child's difficulties and choose the most appropriate treatment.
Interested people
Approximately 5 to 8% of children suffer from ADHD disorders: dyslexia, dyspraxia, dysortography, dyscalculia... Specific learning disabilities in reading and writing (dyslexia-dysortography) account for more than 80% of the disorders. training.
Risk factors
Dysortography has the same risk factors as other disorders associated with ADD. Thus, medical factors (prematurity, suffering of newborns), psychological or affective factors (lack of motivation), and genetic factors (underlying changes in the cerebral system) contribute to this learning disability. responsible for the assimilation of written speech), hormonal and environmental factors (unfavorable environment).
Symptoms of dysortography
Dysortography is manifested by several signs that can be grouped into several categories. The main signs are slow, irregular, and clumsy writing.
Difficulties in converting phonemes and graphemes
It is difficult for a child with dysortography to associate grapheme with sound. This is manifested by confusion between close sounds, flipping letters, replacing a word with an adjacent word, and mistakes when copying words.
Violations of semantic control
A semantic glitch leads to an inability to remember words, as well as their use. This leads to homophone errors (worms, green...) and cropping errors (not suitable for a suit, for example...)
Morphosyntactic disorders
Children with dysortography confuse grammatical categories and have difficulty using syntactic markers (gender, number, suffix, pronoun...)
Lack of assimilation and assimilation of spelling rules
A child with spelling problems has difficulty remembering the spelling of familiar and common words.
Treatment of dysortography
The treatment is mainly based on a speech therapist, long-term and perfectly planned. This does not cure, but helps the child to fill his deficit.
Rehabilitation by a speech therapist may be related to rehabilitation by a graphotherapist and a psychomotor therapist.
Prevent dysortography
Dysortography cannot be prevented. On the other hand, the sooner it is detected and treatment is initiated, the more benefit it will have.
Signs of dyslexia-dysortography can be found even in kindergarten: persistent violations of oral speech, difficulties in sound analysis, speech, rhyming judgments, psychomotor disorders, impaired attention and / or memory.
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